"By" and "until" both seem to refer to the same thing โ a point up to which something lasts or when an action ends. Be careful, though: while similar, in English they are definitely not the same!ย
Grammar dilemmas: “until” or “by”?
โSummer Sunโ by Robert Louis Stevenson
R. L. Stevenson's poem โSummer Sunโ was first published in 1885, as part of his collection titled A Childโs Garden of Verses. In it, the poet personifies the Sun, presenting him as โthe gardener of the Worldโ โ a kind presence that brings life, warmth, and gladness to all living things.
Free ebook: โSquirrelโ by Mary E. Wilkins Freeman
Iโm happy to present another title in the Grammaticus Free Library series: โSquirrelโ by Mary E. Wilkins Freeman. The PDF comes with vocabulary notes and a grammar exercise on non-standard, dialectal forms used by the author.
Grammar dilemmas: โin the beginningโ or โat the beginningโ?
A mistake I often hear in conversation classes has to do with the choice of preposition before the nouns 'beginning' and 'end'. Did something something happen โin the beginningโ or โat the beginningโ? And what happened โin the endโ? Or is it โat the endโ?
grammaticus 